Ebook Download , by Anil Ananthaswamy
Ebook Download , by Anil Ananthaswamy
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, by Anil Ananthaswamy
Ebook Download , by Anil Ananthaswamy
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Product details
File Size: 1432 KB
Print Length: 322 pages
Page Numbers Source ISBN: 1101984325
Publisher: Dutton (August 4, 2015)
Publication Date: August 4, 2015
Sold by: Penguin Group (USA) LLC
Language: English
ASIN: B00OYXWLAQ
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Amazon Best Sellers Rank:
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Much of this book reads better than science fiction. As an example: real people who want limbs of their healthy bodies amputated, and when they do, they feel much better afterwards.The brain is doing a lot of amazing stuff that turns bizarre when something in the brain goes amiss.I highly recommend it to a general audience. It's fascinating, accessible and informative. Professionals in neuroscience may want something more organized and rigorous. The style is journalistic not textbook format.I have to reread this book. There's many ideas here to be digested.Perhaps if there is any difficulty: (1) The sheer number of areas of the brain that are mentioned in the book. It's not neccessary to map them out, but that could be helpful. (2) Keeping in mind when something discussed is a theory vs. when it is an established fact about the brain.Though I don't fault the author - he's trying to keep his feet within the realm of science - the one major criticism that I have of this book - is that the book only deals with the 'self as object' i.e. aspects of yourself that are readily observable e.g. 'I am happy'. The author admits quite early that the more elusive self as the 'subject' of experience is only alluded to here. The self as the subject of experience is discussed much more in philosophy, where there is a much higher tolerance for speculation.
In this book, Anil Anathaswamy sets out to argue that the self is not an illusion. But it also isn't a "thing" either. The self is the feeling we get when a variety of brain parts do their job correctly or well. His study examines the self and the feeling of it by looking at cases where some of those brain parts don't work as they should.We start off with Cotard's syndrome, or, patients who are very much alive but believe themselves to be dead. (Imagine how strange it must be to have someone talk about how they think they are dead as if this weren't a contradiction.) This is a syndrome where the part of our brains that identify our actions and our bodies as OURS somehow isn't sending that signal.Then there is Body Identity Integrity Disorder, where a person's body doesn't match with what they believe is really their body - maybe one of their legs feels like it shouldn't be there. These are the folks who quite deliberately seek out amputation, not because they WANT to look different, but because a part of their body feels like it is not really a part of their body. (This happens when the part of our brain responsible for mapping a mental image of our body doesn't align with how our body actually is.)As a former special educator, I am quite educated on autism and schizophrenia, but Ananthaswamy talks of them in a bit of a different way - for instance, how some theorize that schizophrenia is basically what happens when the part of our brain that identifies mental thoughts or voices as ours (rehearsing my thoughts in my head) doesn't identify certain voices in my brain as coming from my brain. So they feel foreign. And mabe i feel like my thoughts are controlling me.Anyway, that is a taste of how this book goes. In the style of Oliver Sachs, Ananthaswamy does a great job teling the stories of diverse others in a way that makes them quite relatable. But what was most fascinating about this book to me was watching folks create narratives to try and make sense of what their brains are telling them. If my brain is telling me that my body is not my body, then how do I make sense of that? Oh, well, I must be dead. I am hearing voices that seem to be in my brain, but I'm not intuiting that they are coming from me. Oh, there must be someone or something who has taken over part of my brain. Etc.So, the author argues that the self is not an illusion, or at least not the kind of illusion that we can step out of to see if it is an illusion (making it unlike every other illusion we know of). But the story that emerges here is that the self is not really a thing, or one function of our brains. It is many functions of our brains coming together to give us this feeling. Whether that counts to someone like Daniel Dennett as an illusion is another discussion. But the self is a feeling that we cannot step away from, even when the brain parts giving rise to it don't always work right.
This book describes research done on people with injuries, diseases, or abnormalities of the brain that has helped to pinpoint brain regions involved in the concept of the self. These ailments (or, in some cases, simply differences from the “neurotypicalâ€) include Alzheimer’s disease, autism spectrum disorders, schizophrenia, and delusions such as the belief that some part of one’s body, usually an arm or leg, is a foreign thing that should be removed. Electrophysiological and imaging studies such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), which indirectly reveals activity in particular brain areas by measuring changes in blood flow, have linked particular disorders to increased or decreased function in certain parts of the brain.Ananthaswamy explains that scientists’ interest in the self is rooted in philosophers’ examination of the same issue, which goes back to ancient times and continues today, and shows how the viewpoints of philosophy and science can illuminate one another. He discusses different definitions of the self, including the narrative self (the self as a collection of stories), the self as subject, and the self as object, and offers evidence for the existence—or lack of existence—of each in the brain. Not surprisingly, he concludes that, although evidence links certain brain regions with different aspects of our self-concept, thinkers have by no means settled the question of what the self really is, or whether it can be said to exist at all. Perhaps the closest one can come is to say that it is not a separate entity with a physical location, but rather the sum of the brain’s activities and interactions with the body (which plays an essential role in the development and maintenance of self-concept) over time—a property that emerges from the whole system. As philosopher Daniel Dennett puts it, it is a “fiction, posited in order to unify and make sense of an otherwise bafflingly complex collection of actions, utterances, fidgets, complaints, promises, and so forth, that make up a person.â€Ananthaswamy’s use of case histories of people with brain ailments to reveal the workings of the normal brain recalls the books of Oliver Sacks, and anyone who enjoyed those books is likely to enjoy this one as well. These stories keep the book from being dry or technical, and the author does an excellent job of blending them with the results of the neuroscience studies, which were often performed on the same people. This book should be fascinating to anyone who has meditated on that most basic of human questions: “Who am I?â€
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